Table of Contents
Preface.
Acknowledgments.
Notes to the Student.
A Short Illustrated Survey of Microbiology Laboratory Equipment.
Laboratory Safety.
Laboratory Safety Rules and Regulations Contract.
How to Use the Laboratory Manual.
Pronunciation Guide.
Alphabetical Listing of Procedure Diagrams.

I. AN INTRODUCTION TO MICROSCOPY AND SPECIMEN PREPARATION.

Exercise 1. The Use and Care of the Microscope.
Exercise 2. The Preparation of Bacterial and Oral Smears; the Use of Simple Stains.
Exercise 3. Techniques for the Observation of Live Organisms: The Hanging-Drop and Temporary Wet-Mount.

II. CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES.

Exercise 4. Transfer and Colony Selection Techniques.
Exercise 5. Pour Plate and Streak Plate Techniques for Isolating Pure Cultures.
Exercise 6. Dilution Techniques and Colony Counting.
Exercise 7. A Demonstration of Bacterial Culture Characteristics.
Exercise 8. Selected Techniques for the Cultivation of Anaerobes.

III. A SURVEY OF THE MICROBIAL WORLD.

Exercise 9. Morphological Features of Bacteria, Microscopic Measurements and Leeuwenhook's Peppercorn Water.
Exercise 10. Algae and Protozoa: The Protists.
Exercise 11. The Fungi: Molds, Yeast, and Mushrooms.
Exercise 12. The Distribution of Microorganisms in the Environment.
Exercise 13. AnArtificial Ecological System: The Winogradsky Column.

IV. THE DIFFERENTIATION OF BACTERIAL GROUPS BY STAINING REACTIONS.

Exercise 14. The Gram Stain.
Exercise 15.The Acid-Fast Stain.

V. BACTERIAL ANATOMY.

Exercise 16. Spores.
Exercise 17. Capsules.
Exercise 18. Pili, Flagella, and Motility.
Exercise 19. A Demonstration of Selected Bacterial Structures.

VI. BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITIES OF MICROORGANISMS.

Exercise 20. A Demonstration of Selective and Differential Media.
Exercise 21. Extracellular Metabolism.
Exercise 22. Carbohydrate Metabolism: An Introduction to Intracellular Metabolism.
Exercise 23. Nitrogen Metabolism.
Exercise 24. Oxygen Utilization: Oxygen and Catalase Activities.
Exercise 25. Differential Test Patterns: The IMViC Test.
Exercise 26. Microbial Reactions in Multiple Test Media: Litmus Milk, Triple Sugar Iron Agar, and Sulfide Indole Motility Medium.
Exercise 27. Miniaturized and Rapid Microbiological Systems.
Exercise 28. An Introduction to Bacterial Identification: An Unknown Challenge.

VII. THE CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS BY CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL FACTORS.

Exercise 29. The Effectiveness of Hearing Methods on Microbial Survival.
Exercise 30. The Use of Ultraviolet Radiation for Sterilization and Its Mutagenic Effects.
Exercise 31. The Effects of pH on Microorganisms.
Exercise 32. The Effects of Osmotic Factors on Microbial Growth.
Exercise 33. The Inhibitory Action of Heavy Metals and Other Chemicals.
Exercise 34. Disinfection of Selected Instruments and Equipment.
Exercise 35. A Demonstration of Sterilization by Filtration and Water Pollution Detection.
Exercise 36. The Bacteriostatic Activity of Dyes.
Exercise 37. The Antibiogram, Antibiotic Testing, Antibiotic Resistance Detection.

VIII. SELECTED ACTIVITIES OF VIRUSES.

Exercise 38. Characteristics of Bacteriophages.
Exercise 39. The Uses of the Embryonated Chicken Egg (Chick Embryo) and Cell Systems to Demonstrate Animal Viruses.

IX. AN INTRODUCTION OF MICROBIAL GENETICS.

Exercise 40. Bacterial Conjugation.
Exercise 41. Rapid Bacterial Colony Transformation with Plasmid DNA.
Exercise 42. Bacterial Transduction.
Exercise 43. The Ames Test and the Detection of Chemical Carcinogens.

X. APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY.

Exercise 44. The Microbiology Examination and Content of Dairy Products and Selected Foods.
Exercise 45. Cheese Making and Yogurt Production.
Exercise 46. The Preparation of a Fermented Food: Sauerkraut.
Exercise 47. Wine: A Product of Alcoholic Fermentation.

XI. IMMUNOLOGY.

Exercise 48. Microbial Agglutination Reactions.
Exercise 49. Survey of Commercially Available Rapid Diagnostic Tests.
Exercise 50. Agglutination: Blood Typing and Cross-Matching.
Exercise 51. The Precipitin Reaction: The Ring or Interfacial, Test.
Exercise 52.. Gel Diffusion and Radial Immunodiffusion.
Exercise 53. Enzyme Immunoassay: The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

XII. AN INTRODUCTION TO EPIDERMIOLOGY AND RELATED TOPICS.

Exercise 54. Koch's Postulates in Action.
Exercise 55. Universal Precautions in Action.
Exercise 56. Specimen Handling and Transport.
Exercise 57. Aerosolization and Its Relationship to Laboratory and Hospital Sepsis.

XIII. MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY.

Exercise 58. Indigenous Flora and the Antimicrobial Activity of Body Fluids.
Exercise 59. Pathogenic Microorganisms of the Skin.
Exercise 60. Pathogenic Microorganisms of the Mouth, and Dental Caries.
Exercise 61. Pathogens of the Respiratory Tract.
Exercise 62. Pathogens of the Gastrointestinal Tract.
Exercise 63. Pathogenic Microorganisms Found in Blood and Selected Microbial Pathogens of the Nervous System.
Exercise 64. Pathogens of the Urogenital Tract and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs).
Exercise 65. Methods for Identifying an Unknown Bacterial Specimen.

XIV. AN INTRODUCTION TO PARASITOLOGY.

Exercise 66. Helminthology and Selected Medically Important Arthropods.

XV. EXPERIMENTAL EXERCISES.

A. The Bacterial Growth Curve.
B. Protein Electrophoresis.
C. DNA Restriction Analysis.
D. Demonstration of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
Appendix 1. Answers to Photographic Quizzes.
Index.